开关电源9大测试说明、方法、判定标准

[{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"在各种输入和输出状态下将模块输出短路，模块应能实现保护或回缩，反复多次短路，故障排除后，模块应该能自动恢复正常运行。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://community-1252773949.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/article/2034/581eefdef28d1c18.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"a、空载到短路：在输入电压全范围内，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"将模块从空载到短路，模块应能正常实现输出限流或回缩，短路排除后，模块应能恢复正常工作。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"让模块反复从空载到短路不断的工作，短路时间为1s，放开时间为1s，持续时间为2小时。这以后，短路放开，判断模块是否能够正常工作。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"b、满载到短路：在输入电压全范围内，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"将模块从满载到短路，模块应能正常实现输出限流或回缩，短路排除后，模块应能恢复正常工作。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"让模块从满载到短路然后保持短路状态2小时。然后短路放开，判断模块是否能够正常工作。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"c、短路开机：将模块的输出先短路，再上市电，再模块的输入电压范围内上电，模块应能实现正常的限流或回缩，短路故障排除后，模块应能恢复正常工作，重复上述试验10次后，让短路放开，判断模块是否能够正常工作。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"上述试验后，电源模块开机能正常工作；开机壳检查，电路板及其他部分无异常现象(如输入继电器在短路的过程中触电是否粘住了等)，合格；否则不合格。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"2、反复开关机测试"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"电源模块输出带最大负载情况下，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"输入电压分别为220v，(输入过压点-5v)和(输入欠压点+5v)条件下，输入反复开关，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"测试电源模块反复开关机的性能。"},{"insert":"\n2\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"a、输入电压为220v，电源模块快带最大负载，用接触器控制电压输入，合15s，断开5s(或者可以用ac source进行模拟)，连续运行2小时，电源模块应能正常工作；"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"b、输入电压为过压点-5v，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"电源模块带最大负载，用接触器控制电压输入，合15s，断开5s(或者可以用ac source进行模拟)，连续运行2小时，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"电源模块应能正常工作；"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"c、输入电压为欠压点-5v，电源模块带最大负载，用接触器控制电压输入，合15s，断开5s(或者可以用ac source进行模拟)，连续运行2小时，电源模块应能正常工作。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"以上试验中，电源模块工作正常，试验后电源模块能正常工作，性能无明显变化，合格；否则不合格。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":" "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://community-1252773949.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/article/2034/977398ad7193f225.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"3、输入低压点循环测试"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"一次电源模块的输入欠压点保护的设置回差，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"往往发生以下情况：输入电压较低，接近一次电源模块欠压点关断，带载时欠压，断后，由于电源内阻原因，负载卸掉后电压将上升，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"可能造成一次电源模块处于在低压时反复开发的状态。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"电源模块带满载运行，输入电压从(输入欠压点-3v)到(输入欠压点+3v)缓慢变化，时间设置为5～8分钟，反复循环运行，电源模块应能正常稳定工作，连续运行最少0.5小时，电源模块性能无明显变化。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"一次电源模块正常连续运行，最少0.5小时后性能无明显变化，合格；否则不合格。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"4、输入瞬态高压测试"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"pfc电路采用平均值电路进行过欠压保护"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"，因此在输入瞬态高压时，pfc电路可能会很快实现保护，从而造成损坏，测试一次电源模块在瞬态情况下的稳定运行能力以评估可靠性。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"a、额定电压输入，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"用双踪示波器测试输入电压波形合过压保护信号，输入电压从限功率点加5v跳变为300v，从示波器上读出过压保护前300v的周期数n，作为以下试验的依据。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"b、额定输入电压，电源模块带满载运行，在输入上叠加300v的电压跳变，叠加的周期数为(n-1)，叠加频率为1次/30s，共运行3小时。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"一次电源模块在上述条件下能够稳定运行，不出现损坏或其他不正常现象，合格；否则不合格。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"5、输入电压跌落及输出动态负载"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"一次模块在实际使用过程中，当输入电压跌落时，电源模块突加负载的极限况是可能发生的，此时功率器件、磁性元件工作在最大瞬态电流状态，试验可以检验控制时序、限流保护等电路及软件设计的合理性。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://community-1252773949.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/article/2034/45459aa4784817fa.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"a、将输入电压调整为在欠压点+5v(持续时间为5s)、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"过压点-5v(持续时间为5s)之间跳变，输出调整在最大负载(最大额定容量，持续时间为500ms)、空载(持续时间为500ms)之间跳变"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"，运行1小时；"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"b、b、将输入电压调整为欠压点+5v(持续时间为5s)、过压点-5v(持续时间为5s)之间跳变，输出调整在最大负载(最大额定容量，持续时间为1s)、空载(持续时间为500ms)之间跳变，运行1小时。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"在上述条件下，应能稳定运行，不出现损坏或其他不正常现象，合格；否则不合格。若出现损坏情况，记录故障问题，以提供分析损坏原因的依据。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"6、高压空载，低压限流态运行试验"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"高压空载运行是测试模块的损耗情况，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"尤其是带软开关技术的模块，在空载情况下，软开关变为硬开关，模块的损耗相应增大。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"低压满载运行是测试模块在最大输入电流时，模块的损耗情况，通常状态下，模块在低压输入、满载输出时，效率最低，此时模块的发热最为严重。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"a、将模块的输入电压调整为输入过压保护点-3v，模块的输出为最低输出电压，空载运行，此时，模块的占空比为最小，连续运行2小时，模块不应损坏；"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"b、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"将模块的输入电压调整为欠压点+3v，模块的输出为最高输出电压的拐点状态，此时模块的占空比为最大，连续运行2小时，模块不应出现损坏；"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"c、将模块的输入电压调整为效率最低点时的输入电压，模块输出为最高输出电压的拐点状态，连续运行2小时，模块不应损坏；"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"d、将模块的输入电压调整为过压点-3v，模块的输出为最高输出电压的拐点状态，此时模块的占空比为最大，连续运行2小时，模块不应出现损坏；"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"e、将模块的输入电压调整为效率最低点时的输入电压，模块输出为最高输出电压的拐点状态，连续运行2小时，模块不应损坏。注意：上述的测试，必须在规格书规定的最高工作温度下进行。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"在上述条件下工作，模块没有出现损坏，合格；否则不合格。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"7、电源特殊波形试验"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"检验电源模块在电网波形畸变可能形成的尖锋、毛刺和谐波情形下稳定运行能力。以下几种波形必须输入进行试验："},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"(1) 毛刺输入测试波形"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"电网的毛刺是电网中最常见的波形，毛刺的大小和幅值并没有限值，一般情况下，通过振荡波输入测试和振铃输入波形，基本上可以模拟电网中的毛刺输入，但还需做以下毛刺输入试验特点：电网尖锋有过冲并会跌落到0v，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"过冲和跌落脉宽很窄，一般不会大于100ms，过冲幅度一般不超过100v。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"跌落的相位并不仅只限于峰值点，在任何相位都有可能发生。这种波形在实际电网中很常见，开通任何开关都会造成该现象。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"(2) 电压削波波形输入"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"这种波形也是电网中很常见的，特点是：电网从不定的相位突然跌落到0v，然后直到下个半波开始才恢复。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"在iec1004-4-11中对于波形的跌落是从大于半个周期开始的，但实际电网中还是存在很多类似的跌落时间小于半个周期的波形。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"测试时要求，输入电压波形从90度开始跌落，跌落1/4个周期，长时间工作2小时。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"(3) 电网的半个波头陡升至倍电压"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"这个波形主要是用来模拟实际电网中会突然出现的谐振过电压，而且在这种情况下，模块的输入过电压保护线路不起作用，这种冲击对于有pfc的电路是存在危险的。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试内容："},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"a、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"在输入电压为180v，输出满载的情况下，用ac source模拟该波形，要求180v工作3分钟，然后电压突然增加到380v，持续100ms，然后恢复到180v，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"让模块在这种情况下长时间工作1小时，不应损坏；"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"b、设置ac source使得输入电压为0v，持续5分钟，然后电压突然增加到380v，持续100ms，然后恢复到0v，让模块在这种情况下长时间工作1小时，不应损坏。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"利用ac source对模块供电，模块满载输出；用ac source模拟尖锋、毛刺和谐波电压输入，每种特殊的电压输入工作2小时，测量输入电流和输出电压。模块应能稳定运行，试验中注意x电容，辅助电源，软启动电阻等其他可能出现问题的地方。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"在实际中可能出现尖锋、毛刺、谐波电压情形下能稳定运行，不损坏，合格；否则不合格。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"8、有源pfc性能测试"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"带有源pfc的电源模块，对电网尖锋、毛刺合和谐波比较敏感，应进行全面仔细的测试。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"利用ac source交流源作为输入电压源，输出分别带半载、满载，测试输入电流波形和电压波形，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"同时监测pfc后的电压；测试电网在尖锋、毛刺、谐波情况下输入电压、电流的相位及幅值关系；"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"测量pfc开关管的电流和电压，验证在全电压范围和毛刺、尖锋、谐波等情况下开关管和其他功率器件的安全性及电流跟踪电压变化的能力。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"pfc测试可以作为可靠性参考，出现严重问题时，应及时解决。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#c60c23","bold":true},"insert":"9、操作电压测试"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试说明"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"电网中存在多种操作过电压，其中最常见的时空载线路合闸过电压，这种过电压对模块的威胁也较大，本项测试在于验证模块抗操作过电压的能力。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"测试方法"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"过电压线路的模拟十分简单，原理如下：其中电感的参数为10mh"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"(供参考：ees的模块测试方法中，没有接地电容，输入电阻与电感串联，电阻值为0欧、电感为8mh和电阻为79欧、电感为10mh两种情况的测试)"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"，电容为16.7uf，测试波形如下(未画出)。将被测试的设备连接在电容两端，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"在k合闸瞬间，在电容两端会产生过电压，用来模拟在上电过程中，过电压对设备的损害程度。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"作为极限测试项目，输入接l、n线，将被测试的设备接在电容两端，频繁开关机，重复频率为1次/5分钟，连续测试5小时。对于三相输入设备，输入接在l、l线上，被测试设备接在电容两端，重复频率为1次/5分钟，连续测试2小时。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222","bold":true},"insert":"判定标准"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#222222"},"insert":"在测试过程中出现短时功能下降或性能劣化，但能自动恢复的，合格；但出现性能永久性劣化或需要人工干预才能恢复的，不合格。"},{"attributes":{"align":"justify"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"——转自公众号《君鉴科技》"},{"attributes":{"align":"right"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":"\n"}]