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[{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"——转载自网络"},{"attributes":{"align":"right"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"1.概述 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"雷达系统的基本结构主要由五部分构成:发射机,接收机,发射天线,接收天线,显示装置。其中发射机和接收机是最为重要的组成部分。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"为了研究雷达系统的发射机和接收机,有必要模拟雷达信号的产生并对雷达信号进行分析。 从信号形式上区分,雷达信号主要有连续波雷达和脉冲雷达等形式,而目前绝大多数雷达都采用脉冲信号的形式。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"为此 R&S 公司推出了一系列可以模拟脉冲雷达信号产生和分析脉冲雷达信号的测试与测量仪器。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/388f8264be535483.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.雷达信号的产生 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"R&S SMF100A 微波信号源可以产生线性调频信号和任意脉冲序列,可以模拟雷达信号的生成。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.1 R&S SMF100A 的主要性能及特点: "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.1.1 R&S SMF100A 主要性能指标"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/e651f3ca27e9aa13.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.1.2 R&S SMF100A 的主要技术特点 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"1)直接产生线性调频雷达信号, "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"2)输出信号相位可调,调节步进 0.1 度; "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"3)输出信号频率改变时,可保持相位连续; "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"4)可以产生单脉冲,双脉冲 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"5)直接产生任意脉冲序列雷达信号 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"6) 可以连接 R&S NRP-Z81 宽带功率探头进行功率分析 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.2 R&S SMF100A 产生脉冲雷达信号及测试方案 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.2.1 R&S SMF100A 产生双脉冲和脉冲序列 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"R&S SMF100A 是目前唯一可以产生双脉冲以及可编辑任意脉冲序列的模拟微波信号源。每个脉冲的持续时间和脉冲关断期都可以自行设定;任意脉冲序列的开关时间可以设置的范围从 5ns 到 5ms。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/e849017cfa064433.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.2.2 R&S SMF100A 产生线性调频信号 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"R&S SMF100A 可以直接产生线性调频信号,最大带宽达到 80MHz。只要配备了 SMF-B20 选件或 SMF-B22 选件,以及脉冲调制器 SMF-K3 和脉冲发生器 SMF-K23,就可以产生 Chirp Modulation 线性调频信号了。该线性调频信号的最小脉冲宽度 100ns,最小脉冲周期 200ns。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/b5075e5b7241ced3.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"2.2.3 用 R&S SMF100A 进行雷达接收机测试方案 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/8a30c2192736238e.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3. 雷达信号的分析"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"雷达信号的分析非常重要,这里提供几种手段进行雷达信号的分析,第一种,用频谱分析仪进行脉冲雷达信号分析;第二种,用功率计进行脉冲雷达信号分析;第三种,用信号源直接进行雷达脉冲信号分析。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.1 用频谱分析仪进行雷达信号分析及系统测试 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"频谱分析仪可以进行一般的频域测试,包括功率,频率,频谱的相关测试;同样,频谱仪也可以在零扫宽(zero span)模式进行时域包络分析。此外,用频谱分析仪的扩展功能,如 R&S FS-K7 AM/FM/PM 选件,还可以实现调幅,调频,调相信号的解调,同时,还可以进行瞬时幅度,瞬时频率,瞬时相位的分析,以及调制质量,THD,SINAD 等参数的测试。R&S FSV 系列频谱分析仪加 R&S FS-K7 选件可以完成以上各项测试;此外,配合 FS-K30,FS-K40 选件还可以实现系统噪声系数和相位噪声测试。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.1.1 R&S FSV 频谱分析仪的性能指标及技术特点 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/923a71d690afa7cd.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.1.2 R&S FSV 频谱分析仪进行脉冲信号频域测试 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"用频谱分析仪进行脉冲的频谱分析,设置较大的 RBW 可观察包络谱,根据包络第一零点的位置计算脉冲的脉宽;设置较小 RBW 值则也可以观察线状谱,测量脉冲的重复频率,计算脉冲的周期;在频域还可以用信道功率测量功能测量脉冲的平均功率,也可以用大的 RBW 来测量脉冲峰值功率;"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/f01beabcfd3771b1.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/c5dcf7560a9e24e4.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.1.3 用频谱仪 Zero Span 进行脉冲信号的时域测量"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"在频谱仪的零频率扫宽(zero span)状态,可以分析脉冲的时域包络,此时可以从时域测量脉冲调制信号的平均功率和峰值功率,脉宽和脉冲周期等参数。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/037d0409db21d3fe.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.1.4 用 FS-K7 选件进行脉冲雷达信号分析 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"当频谱分析仪配备了 FS-K7 AM/FM/PM 解调选件,可以分析脉内的调制,比如线性调频信号的解调以及 Barker 码调制脉冲的解调。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/9c3b989d9fddff8d.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/dd9473e83b20d408.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.1.5 用 R&S FSV 频谱分析仪进行雷达系统相位噪声测试 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"用频谱分析仪的 FS-K40 选件可以进行信号的相位噪声测试,直接绘制相噪曲线。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/4d250eb3b9f07f44.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/18cf4810bd711f2d.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.1.6 用 R&S FSV 频谱仪进行雷达系统噪声系数测试 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"用频谱分析仪 FS-K30 选件加噪声源可以进行噪声系数和增益测试。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/5269ad4b6916c55c.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/66b9e8bec1303b6c.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.2 用功率计进行脉冲雷达信号测试 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"R&S NRP 系列功率计提供了多款探头可供选择,频率覆盖了 DC-67GHz 的频率范围,功率范围覆盖了- 67dBm 到 +45dBm 的范围。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/2682b51547d74c5d.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"对于脉冲信号分析,推荐使用峰值功率探头 NRP-Z81, 该探头覆盖了 10MHz 至 18GHz的频率范围,时域分辨率可达到 12.5ns。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/25bbb811dd52380a.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"使用 POWER VIEWER PLUS 软件,PC 加 NRP-Z4 +功率探头,可以实现的无功率计主机的操作。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/d1a6ad09ad6b0cc6.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/0da6c736d6d3b71f.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"3.3 用 R&S SMF100A 信号源进行雷达脉冲信号分析 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"R&S NRP-Z 系列功率探头可以直接连接 R&S 公司信号源 SMF100A,进行功率测量,脉冲分析,可以测量平均功率,峰值功率,脉宽,周期,占空比,上升时间,下降时间,过冲等参数。 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/5fe93ae289b72047.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"insert":{"image":"https://files.eteforum.com/article/202208/c2eb74b7e76e4bfd.png"}},{"attributes":{"align":"center"},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000","bold":true},"insert":"4. 总结 "},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#000000"},"insert":"综上所述,R&S 公司的微波信号源 R&S SMF100A,新一代频谱分析仪 R&S FSV,峰值功率探头 R&S NRP-Z81 提供了完整的雷达脉冲信号产生和测试方法,可以组成一套理想的雷达发射机和接收机系统的完整解决方案。"},{"insert":"\n"}]
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发表于 2022-08-05 14:46
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